There are several dictionaries and glossaries on this page. The first five dictionaries are available
through purchase. The remainder are free for download.
Each dictionary or glossary needs software called TibetD Reader in order to read it. We have a
TibetD Reader for each of the Windows, Mac OSX, and iOS operating systems,and also offer
an internet-based dictionary which can be used with any operating system that gives
access to the internet. Availability is as follows:
Windows: all dictionaries and glossaries on this page can be read with the Windows TibetD
Reader. The Windows TibetD Reader is included with all of them.
Macintosh OSX: the five main dictionaries on this page are accessible with the Mac OSX TibetD Reader; • read more here.
Apple iOS: the first five dictionaries on this page are accessible with the iOS TibetD Reader; • read more here.
Internet Online: our premiere Tibetan-English Illuminator Dictionary on this page is also available in an internet online
version; • read more
here. Note that this version of the Illuminator Dictionary has the advantage
that it will run on any device with an internet browser.
Note that all products on this page can be accessed on Mac OSX and also under Linux by
using the Windows TibetD Reader. To do that, a Windows' emulator is installed (for example,
for Mac OSX either Parallels or VMWare) and then the Windows TibetD Reader is run in that
Windows emulation. We have done this ourselves and it works very well.
The Windows-specific version of TibetD Reader has many features that the other versions
do not have. For example, it has features needed to start and use a digital
reference library. Details of setting up a digital
library • can be found here. The
Windows-specific Reader also has the ability to read any of the free texts and reference
works on this site, which the other versions cannot do. We hope to include
these extra features in the TibetD Readers for Mac OSX and iOS in the near future.
The dictionaries for purchase are bought using the purchase buttons below and delivered by
immediate download. When you press a purchase button it adds the item
to a shopping basket and displays the basket. If you need more than one item,
return to this page or any other page on the site and use another button to add another
product to the shopping basket. To return to the shopping cart to make a purchase
use a go to shopping basket button and make the purchase. Current prices will be
shown in the shopping basket and also • on the
sales page. If you need further assistance, please use the contact link
on the menu to contact us.
The Illuminator Dictionary running under the Windows TibetD Reader
Academic and Non-academic Needs Equally Supported
Our products are highly thought of both by both academics and buddhist practitioners and we go out
of our way to provide for both worlds. The person behind all of the products and the author of
the Illuminator dictionary is Lama Tony Duff, who has a full post-graduate academic training
and has also been a Buddhist monk, translator, scholar, and practitioner during a span of nearly
forty years. Tony specifically tries to work with both worlds without favouring
either. For this reason we keep the needs of academics in mind and do have special
programs for them. If you are an academic with students, please know that we are
here to assist you. For example, Prof. Jose Cabezon at the University of California
recently arranged a licence with us where the university library gained full access to the
products listed below and where EACH student in his Tibetan studies program for the unlimited
future will receive their own, personal copy of the dictionaries to keep. If you would
like to have your students using our products like this or in some other way as an adjunct for
your teaching, we would be happy to discuss the matter further with you. Tony travels and
gives lectures and demonstrations on the software and on Tibetan grammar, which is one of his
specialties. He recently gave demonstrations at Bonn, University of Virginia, and other universities.
Geshe Chodrak's Tibetan-Tibetan Dictionary
The above three dictionary packages contain two editions of their respective dictionaries: one edition
uses actual Tibetan script and shows English transliteration for assistance; the other shows Tibetan in
English transliteration with Tibetan script shown only for assistance. This allows users who prefer
to work directly in Tibetan to do so and those who prefer to work directly in Wylie to do so.
Full Descriptions of Dictionaries and Glossaries Available
The Illuminator Tibetan-English Dictionary
• Windows version
• Macintosh OSX version
• iOS: iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad version
• Internet, online version
Update options:
Update version information is available • here.
The Illuminator Dictionary is a work in progress. A major update to the dictionary
is published at yearly intervals. For Windows and Mac OSX, after the first purchase
of the Illuminator has been made, it is possible to purchase a single update at any time.
The iOS dictionaries are sold via the iTunes store. Because of that
there is no special update program for these products. Each year a new Illuminator Dictionary
is made available in the iTunes store.
The online internet version of the Illuminator is always up to date.
When the Windows, Mac OSX, and iOS dictionaries are purchased, they are delivered as software that is obtained
immediately by download. When the • online
version of the Illuminator is purchased, no software has to be downloaded. Instead we activate your subscription
and advise you of that. As mentioned above, this dictionary will run on any device that can browse
the internet and has been specially formatted so that it works well on today's smartphones.
About the Dictionary Itself: The Illuminator was the first modern Tibetan-English dictionary produced in
electronic format. It is not like the other electronic dictionaries available which
are a conglomeration of materials garnered from pre-existing translations and other sources. Rather,
it has been created entry by entry by a scholar of many years experience who lives and works
in daily contact with Tibetan scholars and translates for the great teachers of the Tibetan Buddhist
world. Each entry is produced by individually translating and explaining the terms involved.
The above is fully supported in third-party reviews by academics. These reviews
have been scathing in their reports of the problems and mistakes found in dictionaries such as
The Rangjung Yeshe Dictionary, a dictionary that seems to maintain its popularity simply
on the basis of the author's charisma and the (highly exaggerated) claims of large size. On
the other hand, the reviews have been very complimentary towards the Illuminator Dictionary, citing
absence of mistakes, excellence of presentation, and the exceptional and forward-looking quality
of the work contained in the Illuminator Dictionary. One such review is by Prof. Jan Sobisch. Academics are
not the only ones to point out the difference. Serious translators know the difference and do
make the same point. You can read • a variety of unsolicited reviews here but the
following quote by a translator/practitioner in North America says it all,
"Lama Tsondru la describes how the terms should really be
and then tells me to look them up in your dictionary
and they always correspond. This just doesn't happen
with other dictionaries…" Chris Vicevich.
The dictionary can be searched either by Tibetan text or the transliterated form,
whichever is easiest for the user. Once an entry is found, there will be a clear definition
in good English. Long commentaries are often given. These commentaries come from the author's
wealth of knowledge, given his extensive study and practice with Gelug, Kagyu, and Nyingma
traditions over more than thirty years. Moreover, chunks of relevant Tibetan text are often
included, together with their translations. For example, there is a translation of the history
of the Chod lineage translated from a Drigung empowerment text, and a complete translation of
the section on interdependent origination from Tsongkhapa's Great Stages of the Path to
Enlightenment, many excerpts from grammar texts and their translations, and so
on.
The dictionary is more than just an encyclopaedic reference. Its arrangement is deliberately
made to aid people who are trying to learn the language. For example, many words in the definitions
are given in Tibetan immediately followed by the translation of the Tibetan. On the one hand, the
reader does not need to look up the Tibetan because the translation is there. On the other, the
exact Tibetan term is definitively known. And to make it even more effective as a research and/or
learning tool, most of these Tibetan terms are hyper-linked to their definition so that, if more
information is needed, it can be immediately looked up. There are, of course, extensive go to and
return capabilities in the software so that a definition of a word can be viewed on the fly
then an immediate return to where the reader left off can be made.
The definitions have a well-defined layout that is consistently applied. Terms are divided
into parts of speech, such as nouns, verbs, and so on. The level to which this has been done is
unique and gives a guide to the language not available elsewhere. Furthermore, the various
levels of meaning for any given part of speech are clearly separated. The meanings are usually
given in order of most common usage to least common usage.
The dictionary is the first serious attempt to settle translation terminology. It does this
not by proclaiming that every English translation is correct, though in many cases it does show
that previously used translation equivalents are incorrect or at least suspect. It does this
by giving the full range of meaning contained in the Tibetan term and then assessing which English
words match that. In doing so, it often shows various translation equivalents that have been
used in the past and shows why some are correct, some incorrect, and some partially
correct. These commentaries are given not to try to support the author's contention
that his translation is correct per se but to highlight the meaning of the term under
consideration and to show, using careful dissection, which English words match
with that meaning, partially match it and how, or do not match with it. In this way, the dictionary
is the first serious attempt to produce a set of translation equivalents that can be reliably used
for the future. In many cases this cannot be done because there is no English term that covers
the entire range of meaning of the Tibetan term. In that case, the dictionary says so and, with some
key terms, even suggests new words that could be created using the roots of the language.
Here are some specific features of the dictionary:
The dictionary is very large and encyclopaedic in content. It is now in its fifth edition and
is larger than any other Tibetan-English Dictionary available. (Some very exaggerated
false claims about size are made by other providers of dictionaries. We do not need to exaggerate;
our product speaks for itself as third party reviews show.)
The dictionary is constantly being developed even further. There is a program of updates to
the dictionary, too. Updates are always significant and have been popular. Registered users can
purchase a one-time update at any time hrough our electronic shop. We receive continual praise for
the updates, the value obtained in them, and the ease of obtaining and installing them.
All entries are listed in both in Tibetan and Tibetan transliterated into English so searches can be done in either style.
It has the added feature of full hyper-linking for much greater access to the content of the
dictionary.
All other lexica available from us can be used in tandem with this dictionary, using the features
of the TibetD Reader software that drives the dictionary. For example, if you have the Illuminator
and another of our dictionaries, you can click on a Tibetan word anywhere in the Illuminator
and look it up immediately in the other dictionary. You can keep the lookup window open as
you read the Illuminator and click on other words for instantaneous lookups. You can even use
this feature to do translations on the fly.
Verbs are not done haphazardly but using the Great Tibetan-Chinese Dictionary. The entire
verb listing from that has been included, so the dictionary is a completely reliable reference
for verb tenses. Not only that, but all of the examples of the Great Tibetan Chinese
Dictionary have also been included and translated, making this an unsurpassed resource
for verbs. There is also an essay on verbs in the prefatory section which will help to clarify
this very difficult issue.
The entire House of Cloves (Lishi gur khang), edited and translated by Tony Duff
has been included giving access to a large listing of old terms and their
meanings/new equivalents. The original text is exceptionally difficult to follow; even well-educated
Tibetans find it almost impossible to read. Tony spent six months digesting and translating the
original then made a new arrangement of the original information in the text within
the dictionary. This arrangement contains expanded definitions that explicitly show the implicit
information in the original, much of which is almost impossible to get from the
original. Coupled with translations and hypertexting these expanded definitions make
the dictionary form of the original accessible for the first time and significantly
more useful than the original.
The entire Dharmasamgraha an Indian enumeration of dharmas by the great master
Nagarjuna, has been included and cross-referenced. The new arrangement of the information
in the text within the dictionary, coupled with translations and hypertexting makes the dictionary
form of it significantly more useful than the original.
The entire A festival for Intelligent Minds: An Enumeration of Dharmas Taken
From Many Sutras, Tantras, and Shastras has been included and cross-reference. This
excellent Enumeration of Dharmas style text by the great Gelugpa lama Konchog Jigmey Wangpo
contains five hundred sets of multiple definitions of Buddhist related topics. The various
entries have all been provided in Tibetan and English with complete hyper-linking. The
new arrangement of the information in the text within the dictionary, coupled with
translations and hypertexting makes the dictionary form of it significantly
more useful than the original.
There are many entries on grammar with much information provided. Many entries have
selections from native Tibetan grammar texts with translations. Many entries are derived
from Situ Rinpoche's Great Commentary on grammar. All of the grammatical information
is provided according to the Tibetan way of thinking about their own grammar, not according to
the frequently mistaken or skewed understandings of it that have developed in the West. All
of this information is provided using a terminology that was developed by Tony during his
creation of a standard reference text on Tibetan grammar based on and including translations
of several original Tibetan texts. (The reference is to be published on paper, shortly and most
likely in an electronic edition available through this web-site.)
A wide range of terms concerning secret mantrayana ritual have been incorporated with
commentary (where appropriate). This selection is wide-ranging, incorporating many quotations
and even text with translation provided. There is a wealth of material from both Nyingmapa
and Kagyu perspectives. It includes many terms not previously available in dictionaries
and gives clear definitions with subtleties of meaning not found elsewhere. Many
terms from the Mahamudra and Dzogchen traditions are included.
There are many examples given. The examples include sections of Tibetan text and their
translations from a wide variety of Tibetan texts.
Wherever possible the Sanskrit of terms has been included. The equivalents given are drawn from a
range of sources. This is not intended to be exact in every case but to give a guide, at least
to the originals.
As with all of the other dictionaries listed on this page, support for this dictionary
has been built into the TibetD Reader and TibetDoc software so that the dictionary
can be easily used in conjunction with work done in them.
Sarat Chandra Das's Tibetan-English Dictionary; A New, Corrected Edition
• Windows version
• Macintosh OSX version
• iOS: iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad version
Our electronic edition of Sarat Chandra Das's Tibetan-English dictionary is a completely
new edition of the dictionary. It is the original but with the English carefully edited
to clean it up and make it suitable for use in electronic form. The editorial work was
done according to academic standards. All changes have been noted and comments made as
needed. For example, there are terms whose spellings are clearly mistaken; the definition
given belongs to a different spelling. These have all been left but a full notation given
as to what we think the definition should refer to.
The electronic version gives access to a large body of information that has always
been in the dictionary but which frequently could not be accessed because the information
was provided in places where the reader might not think to look. Many people think that
the dictionary is out of date or of no value but that is quite incorrect. There is a
wealth of information in the original not usually found merely by looking at the paper
edition but which becomes readily available in the electronic edition.
The dictionary is outdated when it comes to buddhist terminology and there are many mistakes
in terms of verb spellings and so on. The Illuminator Dictionary has supplanted Sarat Chandra
Das's dictionary in many ways and should be used as a base dictionary. However, Sarat Chandra Das's
dictionary does provide large amounts of information concerning botanics, medicine, ancient
Indian history, and so on that do not appear in any other resource. We find it essential as a
second dictionary resource.
As with all of the other dictionaries listed on this page, support for this dictionary
has been built into the TibetD Reader and TibetDoc software so that the dictionary
can be easily used in conjunction with work done in them.
Geshe Chodrak's Tibetan-Tibetan Dictionary
• Windows version
• Macintosh OSX version
• iOS: iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad version
There have not been many native Tibetan dictionaries. The few that were made in earlier times
were almost unusable because they were written in a style that did not allow
for easy look-up of terms. In the 20th century, three dictionaries
were made that were, for the first time, usable as dictionaries. The
first was made in Lhasa in the 1940's prior to the Communist takeover.
It was the dictionary presented here, made by Geshe Chodrak with the assistance
of the remarkably erudite and modern scholar, Gendun Chophel. The two
other major dictionaries were made in the 1970's and 1980's after the Communist
takeover; they are the dag yig gsar sgrigs New Style of Compilation
Pure Letters and the bod rgya tshig mdzod chen mo The Great Chinese-Tibetan
Dictionary. All three dictionaries are useful. However, the
two later dictionaries have both been considerably influenced by Chinese
thought and needs, often in a way detrimental to the contents of the dictionary.
Geshe Chodrak's dictionary on the other hand has was written in a purely
Tibetan situation without another culture overseeing the work and insisting
on changes that suited its own needs.
Geshe Chodrak's dictionary is not as useful as the other
two dictionaries when it comes to verbs. The other two dictionaries just mentioned
lay out all of the tense forms for each verb and do a much better job of
it. The best reference for Tibetan verbs
these days is not a Tibetan-Tibetan dictionary but the Illuminator
Tibetan-English Dictionary which makes a special point of
presenting all Tibetan verbs in the most complete and correct way possible.
On the other hand, Geshe Chodrak's dictionary does feature short but precise
definitions and does include obscure terms not found elsewhere, making it
extremely useful to students of the language at all levels. It will
be particularly useful for students who are advanced enough to want to start
using a Tibetan-Tibetan dictionary but who cannot penetrate the difficult
and terse language of the Tshigdzo Chenmo Dictionary.
As with all of the other dictionaries listed on this page, support for this dictionary
has been built into the TibetD Reader and TibetDoc software so that the dictionary
can be easily used in conjunction with work done in them.
The Decoding Golden Mirror, a Tibetan-Tibetan Dictionary
• Windows version
• Macintosh OSX version
• iOS: iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad version
This dictionary containing about 5000 entries specializes in older terms that
are often used in dharma texts but hard to find in normal dictionaries. The dictionary
is Tibetan-Tibetan so it is not for novices. However, for those doing serious work
it is a gem. It gives quotes from various other dictionaries or texts to highlight
the meaning of words. Unlike the Tshigdzod Chenmo which usually has very pithy
entries that can be hard to get an exact meaning from, this dictionary has much
longer entries with very clear illustrations of the meaning. Here is an example
illustrating those features. This is the text of the first entry:
Here is what it says. 1) Ka is used to mean (don la 'jug pa) "desire";
it says in the Correct Lettering Well Explained Dictionary "'ka' is for
desire"…
We strongly recommend this dictionary as a basic tool for any serious translation
work. See the comments in the description of the next dictionary, the
Tshigdzo Chenmo, about its usefulness in relation to other Tibetan-Tibetan
dictionaries.
As with all of the other dictionaries listed on this page, support for this dictionary
has been built into the TibetD Reader and TibetDoc software so that the dictionary
can be easily used in conjunction with work done in them.
Revised Edition of the Tshigdzo Chenmo Dictionary, Tibetan-Tibetan Edition
• Windows version
• Macintosh OSX version
• iOS: iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad version
This is a fully revised edition of The Great Tibetan-Chinese Dictionary
(bod rgya tshig mdzod chen mo). The basis for the revised edition is
the very first edition of the dictionary, published on paper in the 1970's
in China. At the time when we started work on a revised edition that would
be more suited to the needs of non-Tibetans, the Asian Classics Input Project had
already made a digital version of the original. We thought it would save
time to use their digital version as a basis for our revised edition, but we found that their version had chunks of pages
of the original missing from it and innumerable mistakes, ommissions,
and additions. The work was unbelievably shoddy, despite their claims to the
contrary. Having done the necessary research, we would like to issue a clear warning:
at the time of writing (2011) the ACIP edition has been used as the basis for
several, free digital versions. These versions all are missing significant portions of the original and are plagued with the
same innumerable mistakes and so on just mentioned. Using them is not a good idea at
all. It happens too often in the Tibetan Buddhist world that being for free, as
ACIP's edition is, over-rides all considerations of quality and accuracy, with the
result that poor quality materials flourish these days when they should instead disappear!
On seeing the problems with ACIP's version, we decided to start from the
beginning and do the work perfectly. We input the entire text and then corrected it in
the Drukpa Kagyu Heritage Project offices where there was an abundance of good typists
and scholars. We then edited the text to make the improved, revised version that we
intended to produce. The input and basic correction work took two full years and the
editorial work took another year. Every single word in the original was checked
twice. We found the original to be very clean, so we changed no definitions. However,
we found that a number of Tibetan words were mis-spelled and, especially, that nearly
all of the transliterated Sanskrit was mis-spelled. We corrected all of that, which
resulted in a substantially improved version of the dictionary (a partial list of those
changes is included in a record at the beginning of our new version of the
dictionary).
Then we made a major change to the dictionary; the original comes with definitions in
both Tibetan and Chinese but we wanted a version with Tibetan only. Therefore, we
carefully removed the Chinese text. This had to be done carefully
because the Chinese definitions in the original function both as definitions and
as dividers which signal the ends of multiple definitions within one item. Therefore,
we did not simply delete the Chinese text but replaced it with a mark that would
distinguish between multiple definitions. The result was an entirely new version of the dictionary,
with substantial improvements to the text and the feature which many Westerners had
requested of being Tibetan-Tibetan only.
The dictionary has just over 55,000 definitions in it, making it the most
comprehensive Tibetan-Tibetan dictionary available. (Eric Schmidt's Rangjung
Yeshe dictionary is advertised with 80,000 and even 120,000 entries but that
is seriously mis-leading; the truth is that there are only 30,000+ non-duplicated,
valid entries in it. The Illuminator Dictionary, which has no invalid or duplicated
entries has at writing 29,000 entries. Sarat Chandra Das has 22,000. Thus, you
can see that the Tshigdzo Chenmo as it is usually called has a very high number of
entries.)
The dictionary has the failing that it is not easy to read. Definitions tend to be
very short and terse so, unless you are already well-versed in Tibetan language, it
is easy to go astray based on what is said. There is also the problem for non-Tibetans
that it really is written according to Tibetan mind, so again, unless one is very
well versed in Tibetan ways of thinking and speaking, it is very easy to use this
dictionary and go wrong. That is not a criticism of the dictionary. To the contrary,
it is an assessment for potential Western users of the dictionary of the value of
the dictionary. In short, this is not a dictionary for beginners; it is a real
Tibetan-Tibetan dictionary made for Tibetans which demands a good knowledge of the
language to be of use. Of course, for non-Tibetans who know how to read a Tibetan
dictionary and who have a reasonable grasp of the language, our modified version of
the dictionary with Tibetan-Tibetan only is a very valuable resource.
As with all of the other dictionaries listed on this page, support for this dictionary
has been built into the TibetD Reader and TibetDoc software so that the dictionary
can be easily used in conjunction with work done in them.
The Mahavyutpatti Sanskrit-Tibetan-English Glossary
The Mahavyutpatti is a Tibetan
text that was prepared in the 9th century C.E. at the command of Tibetan
king Tri Ralpachen. The translations of Buddhist texts that had been
made up to that time were inconsistent because Tibetan terminology for the
terms in the original Sanskrit texts was not settled. Thus the king
decreed that his principal translators should make a glossary of Sanskrit
terms and Tibetan equivalents first then should use it to revise all of the
Tibetan translations of buddhist texts done up till that time. The translators did so, and
the new glossary contained an extensive listing of Sanskrit terms followed
by Tibetan terms which were set down by royal decree as the official
Tibetan equivalents (skad dod) of the Sanskrit ones. The glossary
became a basis for making not only the revised translations of the time but all of the the translations that
happened over the next several centuries. Thus it effectively settled
much of Tibetan buddhist terminology for the future.
The name Mahavyutpatti is the short translation back into Sanskrit by its
authors, of the Tibetan name given to it: lo paN mang pos mdzad pa&rsquoi bye
brag rtogs byed chen mo. The name translates into The Great Work
Made by Many Lotsawas and Pandits that Brings Comprehension of
Particulars.
The Mahavyutpatti was first translated into English
by the European man Alexander Csoma de Körös and the first part
published in Calcutta 1834 by the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal.
The Society published a second portion in 1910 and the third and final portion
in 1944. We have used these as a basis for a fully searchable, electronic
edition of the entire work that contains English, Tibetan, and Sanskrit equivalents.
The electronic edition should be of immense value to those studying
and translating the Tibetan language.
This edition is made even more useful by the fact that the TibetD Reader software allows it
to be used in conjunction with the other dictionaries listed above. Körös'
English translations are often remarkably good, though they are mistaken in some cases. If you
have one of our other dictionaries, and the Illuminator is recommended for the purpose, you can
click on a term in the Mahavyutpatti and immediately see an up to date translation of the term with
a full commmentary and links to related subjects included. For this reason, we recommend the
Mahavyutpatti not for use alone but for use with our other dictionaries.
Dictionary of Learned and Accomplished People who Appeared in Tibet. By modern Tibetan authors; a Western style book presented as a searchable database, 2200 pages and 2250 entries
An extensive dictionary of important people of Tibet. The dictionary contains entries for a little over 2250 people
who appeared in Tibet over the last 1400 years. It includes kings, their ministers, and, of course, a very
large number of spiritual practitioners. The dictionary lists the names in alphabetical order, with each name having
a short to medium length biography attached. The biographies include birth, death, and usually many other important
dates for the person, and give quite a lot of information about each person's life. In the case of
spiritual practitioners, information about the teachings received and their teachers and then the disciples
who studied with them is given. In Tibetan culture, there are often multiple names for any given person and this
dictionary often contains several names for any one person, making it a particularly valuable
resource. Furthermore, a wealth of names not listed as entries in the dictionary are included in
the various biographies and these names can easily be found using the various special lookup features
of the TibetD Reader software provided with the dictionary. Where possible names have been hyperlinked for ease of use. The dictionary is a Tibetan-Tibetan dictionary with an informative introduction in English
by Tony Duff. The dictionary works in conjunction with all of our electronic dictionaries
and texts and can be made part of an electronic reference centre as described elsewhere on this site. We
strongly recommend this dictionary as a standard reference for all serious students of Tibetan culture, and
especially people doing translation work.
Chronological Dictionary of Tibetan Luminaries
A research list from Ven. Matthieu Ricard which has been edited and compiled as a dictionary by Tony Duff. The dictionary is available for free download.
House of Cloves, A Nice Explanation that Shows the Difference Between New and Old Terms of the Tibetan Language
This is a Tibetan text known to Tibetan scholars. It consists of a long list of old terms and their new equivalents so will be
of interest to those involved with language studies and translation. Unfortunately, the listing is very terse
and not always well arranged, with the result that it is particularly hard to decipher. Therefore the entire listing of terms
and associated information has been incorporated by us into the The Illuminator Tibetan-English Dictionary so
that is the best way to see and understand the contents of the text.
Nonetheless, the text is particular rare and is being offered here to scholars who might find it useful. In fact, the original which is in
the possession of Lama Tony Duff is quite possibly the only copy extant. There is another edition without Sanskrit
equivalents included but this seems to be an abbreviated version of the very old edition in Lama Tony's possession. This
makes it even more interesting, of course. We provide a TibetD file to make the contents as useful as
possible but we also provide a PDF so that anyone could access it. For a little
more information on the text, see the entry on the free texts page.
The Illuminator Tibetan-English Dictionary
Sarat Chandra Das's Tibetan-English Dictionary; A New, Corrected Edition
Geshe Chodrak's Tibetan-Tibetan Dictionary
The Decoding Golden Mirror, a Tibetan-Tibetan Dictionary
Revised Edition of the Tshigdzo Chenmo Dictionary, Tibetan-Tibetan Edition
The Mahavyutpatti Sanskrit-Tibetan-English Glossary